Chapter 344 Wine
People should eat less. Because when people are hungry, they have only one worry. But when they are full, they will have countless troubles. In the final analysis, things in this world are mostly just about being full.
——The greatest governor in the world, Eunuch Cao.
There are many ways to divide the hierarchy of human needs, the most famous of which is Maslow's five-level theory. He divided human needs into physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
Malos believes that physiological needs are the lowest level that people pursue. They are the most primitive and most basic requirements that people need, such as eating, drinking, clothing, and housing.
This can be said to be the bottom line for maintaining a country. Once one or more of people's physiological needs cannot be met, the country will be unstable and even an uprising will break out.
This is both an inevitable demand and a huge driving force for public action. It is also the bottom line.
Many ancient rulers in history were good at taking advantage of this. They created one structure after another that was internally unbreakable in order to last for thousands of years and keep their country strong.
It is a pity that all those dynasties were easily invaded by foreign enemies after losing all the dividends of their predecessors. There are countless examples of elites collectively rebelling.
The most typical one is Mexico, a country that once had the same opportunities as the United States and even had better resource allocation than the United States. In the end, the elite collectively surrendered to the "drug traffickers".
Secondly, there is the need for security. People want to have stable jobs and stable income, and their lives and property can be guaranteed, and they can be protected from disasters and wars (at least not the one who is being massacred).
But whether it is a five-level classification, a seven-level classification, a nine-level classification, or a three-level classification (food and clothing, well-off, and wealthy.), physiological needs are people's primary needs.
Although it was nice to kill all the enemies and defeat all the heroes, it was not what Franz really wanted.
If he could, he would still be willing to help more people, even if future generations would say that Franz was not a hero, and would not hesitate to erase his achievements.
Bohemia, Pilsen.
In 1516, Duke William IV of the Principality of Bavaria promulgated the "Beer Purity Law" in Germany, which stipulated that beer in Germany could only be made with four raw materials: barley malt, hops, water and yeast.
This was the first time in human history that beer was defined in the form of law, but by today in 1842, this decree was obviously not appropriate.
Industrialization has penetrated into all fields, and the beer industry is no exception. The emergence of Pilsner beer in Bohemia represents the beginning of the industrial revolution in the beer industry.
The German part of Austria was subject to the Purity Law, however there was a large amount of land in the empire that was not subject to this law.
In fact, the main purpose of the Purity Beer Act is to collect taxes, not to make beer taste better or be safer to eat as later generations thought.
One of the biggest drawbacks of the "Beer Purity Law" is that it makes the beer in Germany taste monotonous and severely restricts the development of the beer industry.
The reason is very simple. To be able to brew beer, you must first have grain, and it must be fine grain. It is difficult for people who are not nobles or wealthy landowners to do this. This eliminates a large number of possible competitors and of course kills them with their own hands. A lot of possibilities.
This is also an important reason why the beer revolution did not break out in the historic German region, but in the Austrian province of Bohemia.
In 1842, several well-known brewers, including Joseph Fugroll, were hired by Franz with a lot of money to complete the Pilsner beer that transcended the times.
At the same time, he also invited a young man from France, Louis Pasteur.
Different from traditional ale and porter, in the traditional ale process, the yeast is in the upper layer of the wort, and the temperature required for fermentation is slightly higher, usually 10-20°C.
After fermentation, there is no further processing. This kind of beer is easy to "sour" and has a short shelf life. It is fine for ordinary guests in the pub, but it is a nightmare for sailors sailing on the sea.
Moldy food, algae-infested drinking water and sour beer, as well as rats and maggots everywhere, made sailors miserable in the early nineteenth century.
Pilsner beer uses a new lager process. The yeast is in the lower layer of the wort, and the temperature required for fermentation is low, generally below 10°C.
After fermentation, it can be filtered and pasteurized, which can greatly extend the shelf life of the beer, unlike traditional ale beer which has a shelf life of only ten days and then becomes "sour beer".
Even the Porter beer that the British are proud of has a shelf life of less than three months, while specially processed Pilsner beer can be stored for more than a year.
At the same time, the industrialization of Pilsner beer has a huge advantage. It can not only use traditional malt, hops and water to brew, but also use various cheap raw materials such as rice, corn, starch, cassava, sucrose, rye and so on.
This can not only save costs, but also greatly enrich the taste of beer. As for the low alcohol content and slightly light taste, it is in line with the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie to drink without getting drunk.
In contrast to the traditional ale process or porter process, brewing must use malt, hops, yeast and water. Not only is the cost of brewing wine high, but it also places strict requirements on workers, otherwise it will be extremely difficult to ensure quality.
Even beers produced by the same brewery often have huge differences in taste. Therefore, for a long time, beer was regarded as a drink that was not on the table.
In fact, breweries do not guarantee the quality of traditional beer regardless of brewing costs. On the contrary, in order to increase production and enrich the taste, brewers have continued to add weird things such as horse urine, setaria and beech to beer for centuries. As for the matter of watering down, it is simply basic and there is no need to explain it in detail.
The advantage of industrialized Pilsner beer is that the fermentation time is short, usually one week, while traditional beer takes one to two months, or even longer.
Not only is it time-consuming and laborious, but the quality cannot be guaranteed.
Finally, and the biggest advantage, is the price.
As the first beer-producing country before the 19th century, the price of beer in Austria is already very low. The price of each pot (per pint) is usually 5 Groschen, which is equivalent to 0.166 florins, and the cost is about 3 grains. Luo Shen left and right.
After a series of reforms, the cost of Pilsner beer can be reduced to less than 1 Groschen. The huge price difference was enough for Franz to beat all the beer merchants in North Germany to death.
At this time, the beer production of the Austrian Empire ranked second in the world, with 1.396 billion liters per year, more than Britain and France combined.
Slightly less than the total of other member states of the German Confederation of 1.589 billion liters.
However, although the beer industrial revolution occurred in Austria in history, it was eventually carried forward in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Franz was not about to repeat the mistakes of the past, and he wanted to introduce the beer of the Austrian Empire to the world.